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Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals — unstable molecules that damage cells, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress is implicated in aging and virtually every chronic disease.

Free radicals: Produced naturally by metabolism, exercise, and exposure to pollution, UV radiation, smoking, and processed food. Have an unpaired electron, making them chemically reactive and damaging.

How antioxidants help: Donate an electron to free radicals, neutralizing them without becoming unstable themselves.

Key dietary antioxidants:

  • Vitamin C — water-soluble, citrus, berries, bell peppers
  • Vitamin E — fat-soluble, nuts, seeds, olive oil
  • Beta-carotene — orange/yellow plants, converts to Vitamin A
  • Polyphenols — plant compounds (flavonoids, resveratrol, curcumin)
  • Selenium — trace mineral, Brazil nuts

Best approach: Eat a rainbow of whole plant foods. Supplementing isolated antioxidants has largely failed in clinical trials.


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Introduction to Nutrition Science: Antioxidants and Free Radicals
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Reference:

Wikipedia: Antioxidant

image for linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

📚 Introduction to Nutrition Science — Full Course Syllabus
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