Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are industrial formulations made from processed food substances — oils, starches, added sugars, protein isolates — combined with additives to enhance palatability and shelf life.

NOVA classification system:

• Group 1: Unprocessed/minimally processed foods (fruit, meat, eggs)
• Group 2: Processed culinary ingredients (oils, flour, sugar)
• Group 3: Processed foods (canned vegetables, cheese, cured meats)
• Group 4: Ultra-processed foods (chips, soda, packaged snacks, fast food)

Why UPFs are harmful:

• Engineered to be hyperpalatable — override satiety signals
• High in sugar, refined carbs, unhealthy fats, sodium
• Low in fiber, vitamins, minerals
• Strongly associated with obesity, diabetes, depression, cancer

Shocking stat: UPFs account for ~60% of calories in the average American diet.

Reference:

Wikipedia: Ultra-processed food

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-processed_food