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Assumptions — The Gap in the Argument

An assumption is an unstated premise that MUST be true for the argument to work.


Two types:

Sufficient: If true, conclusion is guaranteed.

Necessary: Must be true or argument collapses.


The Negation Test (necessary assumptions):

Negate each answer choice. If negating it destroys the argument, it's the assumption. If negating has no effect, it's wrong.


Example: "All dogs are friendly. Therefore Rex is friendly."

Assumption: Rex is a dog. Negate: Rex is NOT a dog. Argument collapses. Confirmed.


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Reference:

Wikipedia: Logical Reasoning

image for linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

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