Developmental Psychology — Theories of Development
Piaget's stages of cognitive development:
Sensorimotor (0–2) — object permanence develops
Preoperational (2–7) — language develops; egocentric; no conservation
Concrete operational (7–11) — conservation; logical but concrete
Formal operational (12+) — abstract reasoning
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development (8 stages):
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0–1)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1–3)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3–5)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5–12)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12–18)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adult)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (late adult)
Vygotsky — Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): What a learner can do with guidance but not alone. Learning is social.
Attachment theory (Bowlby/Ainsworth): Secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, disorganized attachment styles based on caregiver responsiveness.
Reference:
TaskLoco™ — The Sticky Note GOAT
