
Asset allocation is how you divide investments among asset classes: stocks, bonds, real estate, cash, commodities.
Why diversification works:
Different assets don't move together perfectly
When stocks fall, bonds often rise
A diversified portfolio is less volatile than any individual investment
The old rule of thumb:
100 − your age = stock percentage
Age 30: 70% stocks, 30% bonds
Age 60: 40% stocks, 60% bonds
Modern version: 120 − age (since people live longer)
Target date funds: All-in-one funds that automatically adjust allocation as you age. Perfect for set-it-and-forget-it investors. Format: "Vanguard Target Retirement 2055" — automatically gets more conservative as 2055 approaches.
Geographic diversification:
US stocks: ~60% of world market cap
International stocks: ~40%
Consider Total World fund for maximum diversification
Rebalancing: Periodically restore target allocation (annually or when >5% drift). Buy the laggard, sell the outperformer — forces buy low/sell high.
Reference:
TaskLoco™ — The Sticky Note GOAT