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Asset Allocation — How to Spread Your Risk

Asset allocation is how you divide investments among asset classes: stocks, bonds, real estate, cash, commodities.


Why diversification works:

Different assets don't move together perfectly

When stocks fall, bonds often rise

A diversified portfolio is less volatile than any individual investment


The old rule of thumb:

100 − your age = stock percentage

Age 30: 70% stocks, 30% bonds

Age 60: 40% stocks, 60% bonds

Modern version: 120 − age (since people live longer)


Target date funds: All-in-one funds that automatically adjust allocation as you age. Perfect for set-it-and-forget-it investors. Format: "Vanguard Target Retirement 2055" — automatically gets more conservative as 2055 approaches.


Geographic diversification:

US stocks: ~60% of world market cap

International stocks: ~40%

Consider Total World fund for maximum diversification


Rebalancing: Periodically restore target allocation (annually or when >5% drift). Buy the laggard, sell the outperformer — forces buy low/sell high.


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Reference:

Wikipedia: Asset Allocation

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