OOP — Classes & Objects

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.name} ({self.breed})"

my_dog = Dog("Rex", "Labrador")
print(my_dog.bark())   # Rex says Woof!
print(my_dog)          # Rex (Labrador)

Inheritance:

class GuideDog(Dog):
    def __init__(self, name, breed, owner):
        super().__init__(name, breed)
        self.owner = owner

    def guide(self):
        return f"{self.name} guides {self.owner}"

Key concepts:

__init__ — constructor, called when object is created

self — reference to the instance

Inheritance — child class gets parent's methods

super() — call parent class methods

Reference:

Wikipedia: OOP

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming